From checking grammar to summarising complex legal texts, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT are increasingly being used to support students and professionals alike. But can they really be trusted when the stakes are high—particularly when it comes to legal advice?

The short answer: not entirely.

What AI Can and Can’t Do

AI platforms are trained on huge amounts of data and can provide helpful overviews, explain legal terms, and offer starting points for research. However, AI doesn’t “understand” the law or update itself in real-time. It doesn’t verify facts, and crucially, it’s not qualified to give legal advice.

When it comes to:

• Jurisdiction-specific rules
• Recent case law or legislation
• Personalised legal guidance

AI simply isn’t a reliable substitute for a qualified legal professional.

Case Study: Harber v HMRC (2023)

A Real Example of AI Advice Gone Wrong

In a recent case concerning the Inland Revenue, an individual challenged a penalty which was issued, citing nine legal cases in support of her arguments.  The only problem is that none of the cases existed and were a figment of AI’s imagination!

What the Tribunal Said

The judged in this case highlighted the seriousness of presenting fictitious legal authorities. Eventhough, there was no suggestion of malicious intent, the case underscored the real-world consequences of relying on unverified AI-generated information in a legal setting.

The appeal was therefore dismissed.

Why This Matters

For students and individuals managing their own legal affairs—such as appealing a parking fine, disputing a tenancy issue, or responding to tax penalties—it can be tempting to turn to free AI tools for help. But, as this case shows, you must be cautious.

AI is a tool, not a source of legal truth.

How to Use AI Safely in Legal Contexts

If you’re using AI to support your legal research or studies, keep these points in mind:

 Use it to:

• Clarify legal terminology
• Summarise large volumes of text
• Identify relevant areas of law to research further

Don’t use it to:

• Interpret the law for your specific situation
• Create citations without checking their validity
• Replace advice from a solicitor or legal adviser

Final Thoughts: Trust, but Verify

AI can be incredibly helpful in breaking down complex legal ideas, but it’s not infallible.

When it matters most, resources you can trust are the most valued. If you’re unsure about any aspect of the law, consider speaking to one of our experienced legal advisers – and if you subscribe to our Legal Information/APP remember that this is provided by your trusted supplier.